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Emir Mkademi (Arabic: ???? ???????) (born August 20, 1978) is a Tunisian football defender.

He was a member of the Tunisian national team during the 2002 FIFA World Cup.

Clubs

• Etoile Sahel
• Espérance
• Sebatspor
• FK Karvan Yevlax
• Espérance

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Maceo Rigters (born 22 January 1984 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch footballer, currently playing for Blackburn Rovers in England. He has also played for the Netherlands Under-21 team. He plays as a striker.

Club career

SC Heerenveen, FC Dordrecht & NAC Breda

Rigters started his football career at Eredivisie club, SC Heerenveen where he made his senior debut during the 2002-03 season. He had a short spell at Eerste Divisie club FC Dordrecht in the 2004-05 season. On 1 January 2005 he signed a four-and-half-year contract with Eredivisie club NAC Breda where he scored five goals in 61 appearances.

Blackburn Rovers

Rigters was signed by Blackburn Rovers for an undisclosed fee on 2 July 2007, with the striker signing a four year contract with the Lancashire club. He made his first official appearance or Blackburn in a UEFA Intertoto Cup match against Lithuanian club, FK V?tra on 22 July 2007 as a second half substitute replacing Benni McCarthy in the 65th minute. His first start came on 30 August against Finnish club, MyPa, in a UEFA Cup first round match, and he made his Premier League debut on 29 September.

Rigters played only one more league game for the club that season on 11 February 2008, and after struggling to make an impact at the club, he joined Championship club Norwich City 19 March on loan until the end of the 2007-08 season. He made his first appearance for Norwich as a 78th minute substitute in a 5–1 win over Colchester United. However, in only his second substitute appearance for the club on 29 March, during a home defeat to Bristol City, Rigters lasted just fifteen minutes as he sustained a torn hamstring, and he subsequently returned to Blackburn for treatment.

International career

Rigters scored on his debut for the Netherlands national under-21 team on 5 February 2008 when he came on as a second half substitute in a 3–0 win over Russia Under-21s, scoring the third Dutch goal. On 23 March he scored as the Dutch Under-21s drew 1–1 with Czech Republic Under-21s.

He was called up by under-21 team coach Foppe de Haan as a last minute addition to the squad for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship on the eve of the tournament which was held in the Netherlands. Rigters played in all three group stage matches, a 1–0 win against Israel Under 21s and a 2–1 win over Portugal Under-21s to secure a semi-final spot and therefore qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics. He won the penalty from which Ryan Babel scored the first Dutch goal and he scored the second Dutch goal of the match and was named Man of the match by UEFA. In the last group match against Belgium Under-21s, Rigters scored in a 2–2 draw.

In the semi-finals against England Under-21s, Rigters scored a 90th minute equaliser with a bicycle kick to take the match to extra time and eventually a penalty shoot-out, in which Rigters also scored as well, and the Dutch team won the shoot-out 13–12. He was also voted Man of the match for the second time.

The Dutch went on to retain their 2006 title by beating Serbia Under-21s 4–1 in the final. Rigters scored the third goal, his fourth of the tournament, which put him ahead of England’s Leroy Lita and gave him the Golden Boot as top scorer. After the tournament he was named in the UEFA Team of the tournament.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} “Netherlands U-21 profile - Maceo Rigters”. UEFA. 2007. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/under21/players/player=70149/. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
2. ^ “Dutch hero Rigters joins Blackburn”. UEFA. 2007-07-02. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/intertotocup/news/kind=1/newsid=557439.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
3. ^ “Blackburn seal Rigters transfer”. BBC Sport. 2007-07-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/6260984.stm. Retrieved on 2007-07-02. 
4. ^ ^{a b} He since joined Barnsley FC however has failed to make a first team impact there. On 8 August he joined Barnsley on loan for the 2008-2009 English football Championship league season. “Rigters joins Barnsley on loan”. Sky Sports. 2008-08-08. http://msnsport.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11676_3949132,00.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-08. 
5. ^ “Blackburn’s Rigters joins Norwich”. BBC Sport. 2008-03-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/n/norwich/7305096.stm. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Scholten, Berend (2007-06-14). “Rigters relishing surprise role”. UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/under21/news/kind=4/newsid=551060.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
7. ^ “Czechs hold the Jong Oranje”. UEFA. 2007-03-23. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/under21/news/kind=1/newsid=519499.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
8. ^ Scholten, Berend (2007-06-17). “De Haan’s sweet symphony”. UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/under21/news/kind=1/newsid=552170.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
9. ^ Scholten, Berend (2007-06-21). “Gym lessons help Rigters reign”. UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/under21/news/kind=4/newsid=554033.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
10. ^ Harrold, Michael (2007-06-23). “Rigters relishes ‘fantastic’ feat”. UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/under21/news/kind=4/newsid=555091.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
11. ^ Haslam, Andrew (2007-06-29). “uefa.com’s U21 dream team”. UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/magazine/news/kind=16384/newsid=555816.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 

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Taylor (USA) is suplayed by Wilfried Dietrich (West Germany) during their match at the 1972 Munich Olympics.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008)

Chris Taylor (June 13, 1950 – June 30, 1979) was an American freestyle wrestler who competed at 1972 Munich Olympics. At 412 pounds (187 kg) he was the heaviest Olympian ever. (This was well before weight limits were imposed on the highest level of amateur wrestling.)

Amateur wrestling

The 6 ft 5 in (196 cm) Taylor, wrestled for Dowagiac High School in Dowagiac, Michigan, Muskegon Community College in Muskegon, Michigan, and Iowa State University (winning the NCAA heavyweight championship in 1972 by defeating Greg Wojciechowski), and won the silver medal at the 1972 Olympics, losing to Alexander Medved. During the games, he was suplayed by Wilfried Dietrich from West Germany during their match, which has been incorrectly said to have broken Dietrich’s neck. He reportedly reached over 500 pounds in weight.

Professional wrestling

Taylor once wrestled professionally in the American Wrestling Association where he faced Ric Flair. At the time, nothing was thought of Flair, and Taylor was thought to be the future star.

Personal life

Taylor died at home in Story City, Iowa at the age of 29, two years after health problems caused him to retire from professional wrestling.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Oliver, Greg. “Chris Taylor: The giant Olympian”. Slam!/Canoe. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingBiosT/taylor_olympics.html. Retrieved on 2008-09-07. 
2. ^ Win Magazine
3. ^ Wulf, Steve (July 9, 1979). “A Roundup Of The Week June 25-July 1″. Sports Illustrated. http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1095131/2/index.htm. Retrieved on 2008-09-07. 

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Okhwangsangje

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This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from other articles related to it. (November 2006)

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009)

Okhwangsangje is a deity of Bocheon-gyo.

This religion-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhwangsangje”
Categories: Asian deities | Poch’ongyo | Religion stubsHidden categories: Orphaned articles from November 2006 | All orphaned articles | Articles lacking sources from March 2009 | All articles lacking sources

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007)

The AFI Conservatory is a division of the American Film Institute founded in 1969, located in Hollywood’s Griffith Park. Dubbed by some as “Juilliard for Filmmakers,” the school is the only existing Master of Fine Arts conservatory in advanced film education. It is ranked in the top 5 graduate film programs along with USC, UCLA, NYU and Columbia University by the Princeton Review and US News and World Report.

Over the years, the program has graduated 3,000 fellows, many of whom went on to become influential Hollywood filmmakers. Notable alumni include: John Cassavetes, David Lynch, Terrence Malick, Todd Field, Carl Franklin, Paul Schrader, Victor Nuñez, Patty Jenkins, Robert Elswit, Janusz Kaminski, Wally Pfister, Caleb Deschanel, Robert Richardson, Darren Aronofsky, Martin Brest, John Dahl, Bill Duke, Amy Heckerling, Mimi Leder, Matthew Libatique, John McTiernan, Edward Zwick, Arthur Dong, Scott Frank, Susannah Grant, Jeff Nathanson, Elizabeth Sung, Alon Bar, Chris Donahue, and Eric Red.

Conservatory Program

AFI Conservatory is a five-term Master of Fine Arts program in six disciplines: Cinematography, Directing, Editing, Producing, Production Design, and Screenwriting. Traditionally, the Conservatory accepts 28 students - called Fellows - per year for most disciplines and 14 for Design and Editing. Thousands are said to apply each year for the areas of Directing and Cinematography alone.

First Year - Fellows from all disciplines work on at least three digital video or high definition short films (up to 20 minutes), appropriately referred to as ‘cycle projects’. Each of these first-year projects are accomplished by the fellows with a minimum of oversight from the senior faculty. The purported goal being to stimulate a flexible and creative approach to filmmaking within imposed budgetary constraints and without the crutch of seasoned oversight. These ‘cycle projects’ make up the core curriculum of the first year experience and amount to a ‘boot camp” of filmmaking that simultaneously challenges and invigorates the fellows involved.

Second Year - Fellows work on at least one thesis short film, shot on digital video, high definition, 35mm film, or 16mm film, and develop portfolio materials (such as a reel and a feature film screenplay). They are responsible for raising the bulk of their own financing for these projects (average budget is $30,000), and must adhere to standard industry regulations, such as SAG charter rules, during filming. The senior faculty of the conservatory oversee the development of the ’second year’ projects and monitor their development in a manner similar to what might be expected of an Executive Producer.

Student Work

AFI Conservatory student thesis or second year films can be seen at the AFI Los Angeles International Festival

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The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.

A large body of research indicates that intelligence measures such as Intelligence Quotient (IQ) varies between individuals and between certain groups, and that they correlate with socially important outcomes such as educational achievement, employment, crime, poverty and socioeconomic status.

In the United States, certain public policies and laws regarding employment, military service, education and crime incorporate IQ or similar measurements. Internationally, certain public policies, such as improving nutrition and prohibiting neurotoxic toxins, have as one of their goals raising or preventing a decline in intelligence.

Use of cognitive tests in the United States legal system and public policy

History

In the early 20th century, eugenics legislation was passed in many US states which allowed, or encouraged, sterilization of “feeble-minded” individuals.

In the 1927 case Buck v. Bell, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes closed the 8-1 majority opinion upholding the sterilization of Carrie Buck, who along with her mother and daughter was labeled “feeble-minded”, with the infamous phrase, “Three generations of imbeciles are enough.”

Eugenics fell out of favor in the middle part of the century and is now widely denounced, though memories of the period continue to influence public policy.

Education

Cognitive test scores predict educational performance better than they predict any other outcome, and cognitive testing is pervasive in academics. Central policy issues concern the proper role of testing in assessing educational quality and in college admission; efforts to characterize and close the educational achievement gap between racial and socioeconomic groups in the US; and the importance of cognitive ability differences in educational affirmative action.

The existence of educational achievement gaps between racial and socioeconomic groups is broadly accepted; the source and stability of the gaps remain areas of active research and debate. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is aimed explicitly at reducing achievement gaps by race. Federally defined formulas in NCLB call for elimination of all achievement disparity by 2014. Regardless of the source of the gap, most educators agree that it must be addressed. They often advocate equitable funding for education.

The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals interpreted state and federal statutes to require that IQ Tests not be used in a manner that was determinative of tracking students into classes designed for the mentally retarded. Larry P. v. Riles, 793 F.2d 969 (9th Cir. 1984). The court specifically found that the tests involved were designed and standardized based on an all-white population, and had not undergone a legislatively mandated validation process. In addition, the court ruled that predictive validity for a general population is not sufficient, since the rights of an individual student were at issue, and emphasized that had the tests not been treated as controlling but instead used as part of a thorough and individualized assessment by a school psychologist a different result would have been obtained. In September 1982, the judge in the Larry P. case, Federal District Judge Robert F. Peckham, relented in part in response to a lawsuit brought by black parents who wanted their children tested. The parents’ attorney, Mark Bredemeier, said his clients viewed the modern special education offered by California schools today as helpful to children with learning disabilities, not a dead-end track, as parents contended in the original 1979 Larry P. case.

A major area of controversy regarding the NCLB Act is whether achievement gaps are the result of “the soft bigotry of low expectations” or reflect real cognitive ability differences between groups. Because the Act includes warnings and funding consequences for schools which do not meet performance goals, whether disparate student performance is due primarily to environment (which is perceived to be under substantial school and teacher control) or to genetics (which is perceived to be far less malleable) has become a crucial issue.

Gifted education and special education programs aim to provide tailored instruction to students with especially high or low ability. Research in both civilian and military training has demonstrated that bright individual learn 2-5 times faster than their less able peers.

Employment

One summary of the relationship between employment policy and IQ testing is provided by Murphy (2002):

Cognitive ability tests represent the best single predictor of job performance, but also represent the predictor most likely to have substantial adverse impact on employment opportunities for members of several racial and ethnic minority groups. Debates over the use of these tests in selection often involve trade-offs between two criteria that are valued by decision makers—that is, efficiency and equity. Findings and methods from decision research can help us frame these trade-offs, but in most cases they cannot be avoided.

Before the late twentieth century, on the basis of studies showing widely varying validities for personnel selection techniques, the theory of “situational specificity” held sway. This principle holds that each organization, work setting and job is unique, requiring unique employee characteristics or skills, and that selection on any general ability yields little benefit. However, the development of statistical techniques such as meta-analysis allowed large samples to be assembled from smaller studies, revealing that apparent validity variations reflected statistical artifacts. Re-analysis, and subsequent studies, have established that general mental ability (IQ) predicts job performance across all jobs. The validity of IQ varies most notably with job complexity: IQ matters little for simple jobs such as packing, and a great deal in complex jobs such as medicine.

These findings have major significance. For example, racial groups differ in average performance on mental ability tests: East Asians on average score higher than Whites, who on average score higher than Blacks (see Race and intelligence for a more thorough discussion). Race-blind hiring on the basis of cognitive test score, among the best predictors of job performance, tends to lead to under-representation of some racial groups in favor of others, a phenomenon called “adverse impact” or “disparate impact” in employment law. (In contrast, “disparate treatment” refers to overt discrimination.)

In 1971, in the case Griggs v. Duke Power Co., the US Supreme Court handed down a seminal ruling which framed US public policy on adverse impact. Griggs concerned a company which had rejected a large number of Black applicants who either lacked a high-school education or performed poorly on a paper-and-pencil cognitive test. Referring to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Court wrote,

The Act proscribes not only overt discrimination but also practices that are fair in form, but discriminatory in operation. The touchstone is business necessity. If an employment practice which operates to exclude Negroes cannot be shown to be related to job performance, the practice is prohibited.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act generally prohibits employment practices that are unfair or discriminatory. One provision of Title VII, codified at 42 USC 2000e-2(h), specifically provides that it is not an “unlawful employment practice for an employer to give and to act upon the results of any professionally developed ability test provided that such test, its administration or action upon the results is not designed, intended or used to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.” This statute was interpreted by the Supreme Court in Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 US 424 (1971). In Griggs, the Court ruled that the reliance solely on a general IQ test that was not found to be specifically relevant to the job at issue was a discriminatory practice where it had a “disparate impact” on hiring. The Court gave considerable weight in its ruling to an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulation interpreting Section 2002e-2(h)’s reference to a “professionally developed ability test” to mean “a test which fairly measures the knowledge or skills required by the particular job or class of jobs which the applicant seeks, or which fairly affords the employer a chance to measure the applicant’s ability to perform a particular job or class of jobs.” In other words, the use of any particular test would need to be shown to be relevant to the particular job or class of jobs at issue.

In 1989, the US Supreme Court decision in Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Antonio reduced the defendant’s burden of proving business necessity to a burden of producing evidence of business justification. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 overturned that portion of the Wards Cove decision.

These decisions added a legal dimension to trade-offs between “efficiency and equity” referenced by Murphy. Though cognitive testing is generally inexpensive, reliable and valid, US employers risk expensive legal action if such testing produces disparate impact. In practice, companies have responded with a variety of strategies, from abandonment of cognitive testing to maintenance of racial hiring quotas. The latter derives from enforcement of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s “four-fifths rule”, which states that any group selection rate that is less than four-fifths (80%) of the highest rate will be regarded by Federal enforcement agencies as evidence of adverse impact.

Attempts to formulate a test with reliability and validity equal to cognitive testing, but that does not produce disparate impact, have generally failed.

Microsoft is known for using non-illegal tests that correlate with IQ tests as part of the interview process, weighing the results even more than experience in many cases.

Military Service

All US military recruits take the Armed Forces Qualification Test, an intelligence test that strongly measures the general intelligence factor. A recruit’s cognitive test scores in part determine the professions available to him or her.

Problems in training low-IQ military recruits during World War II led the US Congress to ban enlistment from the lowest 10% (below IQ 80) of the population.

Because people with IQs below 80 (the 10th percentile, Department of Defense “Category V”) are difficult to train, federal law bars their induction into the military. As of 2005, only 4 percent of the recruits were allowed to score as low as in the 16th to 30th percentile, a grouping known as “Category IV” on the U.S. Armed Forces’ mental-aptitude exam.

The U.S. military uses the Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT), as higher scores correlate with significant increases in effectiveness of both individual soldiers and units,

Crime

In its 2002 ruling on the case Atkins v. Virginia, the US Supreme Court outlawed the execution of mentally retarded criminals on the grounds that it constituted cruel and unusual punishment, which is prohibited by the 8th Amendment. The designation of mental retardation (or developmental disability) typically requires a measured IQ below 70 or 75.

The Supreme Court of the United States has utilized IQ test results during the sentencing phase of some criminal proceedings. The Supreme Court case of Atkins v. Virginia, decided June 20, 2002, held that executions of mentally challenged criminals are “cruel and unusual punishments” prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. In Atkins the court stated that

In overturning the Virginia Supreme Court’s holding, the Atkins opinion stated that petitioner’s IQ result of 59 was a factor making the imposition of capital punishment a violation of his eighth amendment rights. In the opinion’s notes the court provided some of the facts relied upon when reaching their decision

Individuals with IQs below 70 have been essentially exempted from the death penalty in the U.S. since 2002, even though this cannot be definitely confirmed.

Social security

The Social Security Administration also uses IQ results when deciding disability claims. In certain cases, IQ results alone are used (in those cases where the result shows a “full scale IQ of 59 or less”) and in other cases IQ results are used along with other factors (for a “full scale IQ of 60 through 70″) when deciding whether a claimant qualifies for Social Security Disability benefits.

Health and Nutrition

Main article: Health and intelligence

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The triangle of ausculation of the lungs is situated behind the scapula.

Boundaries

It has the following boundaries:

• above, by the Trapezius
• below, by the Latissimus dorsi
• laterally by the medial margin of the scapula

The floor is partly formed by the Rhomboideus major.

Function

The triangle of auscultation is a space on the back where the relatively thin musculature allows for respiratory sounds to be heard more clearly with a stethoscope.

To better expose the floor of the triangle, which is made up of the posterior thoracic wall in the 6th intercostal space, the patient is asked to fold their arms across their chest, medially rotating the scapulae, while bending forward at the trunk.

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The Ontario Regiment (RCAC)
Crest of The Ontario Regiment (RCAC)
Active	1866-present
Country	Canada
Branch	Army (Reserve)
Type	Armoured
Role	Reconnaissance
Size	One regiment
Part of	Royal Canadian Armoured Corps
Garrison/HQ	RHQ – Oshawa, Ontario
Nickname	Ontarios, ONTR
Motto	Fidelis et Paratus (Latin, “Faithful and Prepared”)
March	Dismounted - John Peel Mounted - My Boy Willie
Anniversaries	1 March (St. David’s Day)
Engagements	World War I Somme, 1916 Arras, 1917 Vimy, 1917 Hill 70 Ypres, 1917 Passchendaele Amiens Arras, 1918 Scarpe, 1918 Drocourt-Queant Hindenburg Line Canal du Nord Cambrai, 1918 Valenciennes France and Flanders, 1916-18 World War II Pursuit to Messina Sicily, 1943 Colle d’Anchise The Gully Casa Berardi Ortona Point 59 Cassino II Gustav Line St Angelo in Teodice Liri Valley Aquino Trasimene Line Sanfatucchio Arezzo Advance to Florence Italy, 1943-45 Arnhem, 1945 North-West Europe, 1945

The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) is a Primary Reserve armoured reconnaissance regiment of the Canadian Forces Land Force Command. The unit is based in downtown Oshawa, Ontario. Formed in 1866, and more commonly known as the ‘Ontarios’, ‘black cats’ or ‘ONT R’ (pronounced “ON-tar”), the regiment ranks among the oldest continuously serving Reserve (Militia) regiments in Canada and is one of the senior armoured regiments in the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps.

Early history: 1856-1914

Militia units have existed in what is now the Region of Durham since the earliest days of the century. In 1856, a company was raised by Capt James Wallace, in Whitby, Ontario, and became Number 6 Coy of the 2nd Battalion, Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada, later named “The Queen’s Own Rifles of Toronto” in April 1860. During the period of national tension that gripped Canada in the early 1860s, other volunteer militia infantry companies were formed in Ontario County. In 1862, two formed in Oshawa, two in Whitby and one each in Prince Albert, Greenwood, Uxbridge, Columbus and Brooklin. Many men were mobilized for service during the anxieties of 1864-66, when Fenian invaders massed south of the Niagara Frontier. The Oshawa Rifle Company took part in the Battle of Ridgeway, in June 1866, as part of a Provisional Battalion of Ontario Infantry.

The Ontario Regiment was officially formed from the nine independent rifle companies on September 14, 1866. It was named the 34th (Ontario) Battalion of Infantry. In later years, men of the regiment served in the Northwest Rebellion of 1885 when they were attached to The Queen’s Own Rifles and the 10th Royal Grenadiers (now the Royal Regiment of Canada). During the South African War or Boer War, members of the 34th (Ontario) Battalion were attached to the 1st (Special Service) Battalion of The Royal Canadian Regiment as well as The Royal Canadian Dragoons.

World War I: 1914-1918

In September 1915, the Second-in-Command (2IC) of the 34th (Ontario) Battalion, Major Sam Sharpe was authored to raise the 116th Battalion CEF, from Ontario County (which mainly consisted of the present-day Regional Municipality of Durham). This battalion fought with great distinction in France and Belgium. Another battalion, the 182nd was also raised from the county, but it did not serve in action as a formed unit, having been broken up after its arrival in England. Most of the battalion’s men were sent to the continent to reinforcement several other Canadian battalions.

Inter-War Years and World War II: 1919-1945

In 1936, the unit was re-roled as a tank battalion and became one of the first units to comprise General F. F. Worthington’s newly-minted Royal Canadian Armoured Corps in 1936. The unit trained in Oshawa, throughout Ontario County and at the Armoured School at Camp Borden. The unit was mobilized for World War II on September 1, 1939. Within six days 594 men had enlisted for active service. The unit trained extensively in England from 1941-43 and subsequently fought with distinction in several theatres during the war, beginning with the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943, through the Italian Campaign (World War II) seeing action in the fierce Liri Valley, Monte Cassino, and on to Ortona. In 1945, the unit entered the Northwest European theatre where it fought with distinction in the Dutch Campaign winning honours at Arnhem.

Post-War Period: 1945-present

Upon demobilization, The Ontarios continued as a reserve armoured regiment using Mark IV Sherman Tanks. In fact, the Regiment was one of the last Canadian militia units to give up their Shermans in 1972. Some of these actual tanks can be seen as monuments or gate guards at and the former Denison Armoury on Dufferin Street in Toronto.

There were two more name changes for the Regiment after World War II. In 1946, the Regiment was designated the 11th Armoured Regiment (Ontario Regiment) and in 1958, the Regiment assumed the title by which it is known today: The Ontario Regiment (RCAC).

The Regiment was re-roled as an armoured reconnaissance unit employing a variety of equipment including jeeps, the ferret (on occasion) and the M113 Lynx armoured reconnaissance vehicle until 1980 when the Ontarios were re-designated an armoured regiment, this time employing the Cougar armoured vehicle. During many of the subsequent years, the Regiment maintained a wheeled armoured reconnaissance squadron (later downsized to an RHQ recce troop) employing the Iltis jeep. Many of the regiment’s soldiers, NCOs and officers enjoy the unique distinction among their peers in reserve armoured regiments, having been trained in both armoured and reconnaissance roles.

With the retirement of the Cougar in the 2004, the Regiment was again re-designated an armoured reconnaissance unit, briefly employing and conducting trials on all terrain vehicles. Today, the Regiment continues its reconnaissance tasking and has adopted the Mercedes-built LUVW G-Wagon.

A significant number of the Regiment’s soldiers have volunteered for active duty with NATO in Germany, United Nations missions in Cyprus, the Golan Heights, Cambodia, the former Yugoslavia and, most recently, the NATO-led engagement in Afghanistan.

The Ontario Regiment received the Freedom of the city of Oshawa and the County of Ontario in 1966 and the Freedom of the Region of Durham in 1979.

The current commanding officer of the unit is LCol R Brown, CD. The Regimental Sergeant Major is CWO DJ Munroe, CD.

A complete historical list of the unit’s key appointments is available online at the Regimental Museum’s official website.

Regimental Band

Since 1866, the 34th Battalion and its successor units including the 116th Battalion, 182nd Battalion, and the Ontarios maintained an award-winning brass marching band. The Regimental band earned top national honours in 1948 at the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto. The band’s patron, Colonel Robert Samuel McLaughlin (Colonel Sam), funded the purchase of the band’s instruments and uniforms for several decades, having gone so far as to build a bandshell at Oshawa’s Memorial Park to provide the bandsmen with their own venue to entertain Oshawa’s citizens.

The Regiment maintained its band until 1968 when, due to a painful reorganization of the Canadian Army, the unit’s band establishment was eliminated by the federal Liberal government of the day. Lt (N) Bill Askew, a naval veteran of World War II and officer with the 1913 Ontario Regiment Cadet Corps refused to let the band wither. Under his leadership, the band was transformed into the present-day Oshawa Civic Band. Many of the former regimental bandsmen continue to play with the Civic Band today. The Civic Band regularly performs in a summer concert series at Oshawa’s Memorial Park and, from to time, at military functions including the Regimental Ball (held each May) and the Regiment’s annual Parkwood Promenade.

The band of the 1913 Ontario Regiment Cadet Corps has, for the past 30 years, provided the Regiment with much of its marching music at public events including the annual Remembrance Day parade, Change of Command ceremonies and Oshawa’s annual Fiesta Week parade.

Allied Regiment: The Royal Welsh (UK)

Since 1928, The Ontarios have maintained a strong friendship and alliance with its allied British regiment, the Royal Welsh (Formerly The Welch Regiment (41st of Foot) which amalgamated with the South Wales Borderers (24th of Foot) to form The Royal Regiment Of Wales (RRW) in 1969.) In 2006, under a further reorganization of the British Army, the RRW was amalgamated with the Royal Welsh Fusiliers (RWF) to form the Royal Welsh Regiment (RWR).

Several exchange visits have taken place over the years. In 1969, officers and men of the Ontarios performed grounds-keeping duties on the occasion of the Welsh’s amalgamation parade at the unit’s home, historic Cardiff Castle. In September 1983, a small group of Welsh officers and soldiers were on parade in Oshawa on the occasion of the Ontarios’ change of command. In July 1989, the Ontarios sent a 35-man guard to Wales for the RRW’s Tercentenary parade at Cardiff Castle. HRH Charles, Prince of Wales the longtime Colonel-in-Chief of the Welsh, inspected the Regiment.

The Welsh reciprocated in 1991 by providing a guard for a parade at Iroquois Park in Whitby, Ontario to mark the Ontarios’ 125th anniversary. Most recently, in September 2004, the Welsh band toured many of its War of 1812 battlefields near Niagara] and encampments throughout Ontario including Kingston, Ontario. The band also visited Oshawa to perform at the Ontarios’ annual Parkwood Promenade, held at the home of Colonel R.S. McLaughlin, the Regiment’s former patron and longest-serving Honorary Colonel.

The Ontario Regiment received the Freedom of the city of Oshawa and the County of Ontario in 1966 and the Freedom of the Regional Municipality of Durham Region in 1979.

A complete historical list of the unit’s key appointments is available online at the Regimental Museum’s official website.

Battle Honours

Guidon of The Ontario Regiment (RCAC), presented by HM Queen Elizabeth II, Ottawa, 1967

Those battle honours approved for emblazonment on the Guidon are in bold.

World War I

• Somme, 1916; Arras, 1917; Vimy, 1917; Hill 70; Ypres, 1917; Passchendaele; Amiens; Arras, 1918; Scarpe, 1918; Drocourt-Queant; Hindenburg Line, Canal du Nord; Cambrai, 1918; Valenciennes; France and Flanders, 1916-18

World War II

• Pursuit to Messina; Sicily 1943; Colle d’Anchise; The Gully; Casa Berardi; Ortona; Point 59; Cassino II; Gustav Line; St Angelo in Teodice; Liri Valley; Aquino; Trasimene Line; Sanfatucchio; Arezzo; Advance to Florence; Italy 1943-45; Arnhem 1945; North-West Europe 1945

Cap Badge

Cap Badge of The Ontario Regiment (RCAC), 1953 onward

Blazon

Gules on a bar a cat statant guardant irate Or, the whole within an annulus Gules fimbriated and inscribed with the motto FIDELIS ET PARATUS in letters Or and surmounted at the base by a bezant fimbriated and charged with a fillet saltire Sable the base quarter removed, and beneath the annulus a scroll Or with the words ONTARIO REGIMENT inscribed in letters Sable, and above, encircling the annulus, a wreath of nine maple leaves autumnally coloured, the centre one in chief ensigned by the Royal Crown proper;

Symbolism

The badge is based, in part, on the cat from the Clan MacGillivray familial crest, a member of which commanded the regiment in the early 1900s. After the First World War, the cat was designed into a fierce or fighting pose echoing the experience of the regiment’s members in the war. The maple leaves, nine in total, reflect the nine regions that made up Ontario County for which the regiment is named. The three quarters of a disc in the base of the badge represents the old regimental Militia number “34″. “ONTARIO REGIMENT” is a form of the regimental title and “FIDELIS ET PARATUS”, Latin for “Faithful & Prepared” is the motto of the regiment.

Modern history

On the path to adoption of the current badge during the 1920s-30s, it was decided that a wreath of nine (9) maple leaves (pre-1949) should encircle the Ontarios’ adopted symbol, the black cat, to reflect the nine regions that made up Ontario County for which the regiment is named. Post World War I regulations which forbade the use of the units traditional numerals ‘34′ were posed an identification problem for the Regiment. The problem was solved by placing a circle at the base of the scroll and dividing it into four quadrants, one of which has been cleared, giving the idea of three from four or 34.

The Ontarios badge is topped with the crown of Canada’s sovereign, currently the crown adopted by HM Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. The pre-Elizabeth II badge bore the George or King’s Crown as seen above. Once they have completed their secondary trade qualification, currently Armoured Reconnaissance, every member of the Regiment — regardless of rank — wears the same brass cap badge. Several attempts to introduce a wire or cloth officer cap badge in both the 1960s and 1980s failed. The complete evolution of the cap badge is explained here.

Motto

Fidelis et Paratus (Faithful and Prepared)

Marches

• John Peel (Dismounted) John Peel: The man and his song
• My Boy Willie (Mounted) Lyrics

Regimental Lineage/Perpetuating Units

• Whitby Highland Rifle Company
• 34th Battalion of Infantry
• 34th (Ontario) Regiment
• 116th Battalion CEF & 182nd Battalion CEF
• The Ontario Regiment (Tank)
• 11th Armoured Regiment (Ontarios)
• 11th Armoured Regiment (Ontario Regiment)
• The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) - current

References

• The Adjutant. The 116th Battalion in France. Toronto: EPS Allen, 1921.
• Schragg, Lex. History of The Ontario Regiment, 1866-1951. Oshawa: General Printers, 1952.
• Marteinson, John Kristjan & Michael R. McNorgan. The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 2000. (French version also available)
• Barris, Ted. Victory at Vimy. Markham: Thomas Allen Publishers, 2007.

External links

• The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) - Official website
• The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) Museum, Oshawa
• The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) Ferret Club, Oshawa
• Royal Canadian Armoured Corps Association (Cavalry)
• Royal Welsh Regiment UK
• Royal Regiment of Wales UK

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Look up Jamal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Jamal (Arabic: ????) is a masculine given name. The origin of the name is Arabic and it means beauty (a handsome man is “jamil”). It could also mean inner beauty, from the heart. The use of this name is wide spread beyond the Arab countries, as well as among African Americans.

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Ham Hill could refer to:

• Ham Hill, Somerset SSSI, Country Park and Iron Age hill fort
• Ham Hill SSSI, Wiltshire

There is also a lesser known area to the south of Snodland, Kent that is called Ham Hill. It has always played ’second fiddle’ to the larger town of Snodland, which has absorbed Ham Hill into itself, but still keeps the name as a reference.

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